Setting up your environment

Creating an SSH Alias

Since access to gerrit.asterisk.org is likely to occur often if yoyou're submitting patches, you may want to set up an SSH alias:

$ cat ~/.ssh/config
...
Host asterisk
  Hostname gerrit.asterisk.org
  Port 29418
  User {user}

This will allow you to access the repository as shown below:

$ git clone asterisk:{repo}

Install git-review

You can skip this step if you're only downloading patches for testing.

Most Gerrit users will be submitting patches for review and will need the git review command.  It's not normally installed by default when you install git so it must be installed separately.  The package is called git-review and should be available via most package managers.  If not, you can install it using pip: 

$ pip install git-review

Prepare git

You can skip this step if you're only downloading patches for testing.

In every repository you plan on submitting patches from, you'll need to set your email to match that expected by Gerrit.  You can set it in each repository after you've cloned it or you can set it globally.

$ cd <repository>
$ git config --local --add user.email <your email>
$ git config --local --add user.name <your full name>

$ git config --global --add user.email <your email>
$ git config --global --add user.name <your full name>

Cloning from Gerrit

While access to the underlying git repository is open to anyone via anonymous HTTP access, this guide will assume that you want to push changes up as well. For that, Gerrit uses SSH. If you are only looking to obtain the source code for a particular repository, clone it from the Official Asterisk GitHub Mirror

1. Clone the repository:

   Code Block
   title Clone using full SSH URL language text
   $ git clone ssh://{user}@gerrit.asterisk.org:29418/{repo}

   or

   Code Block
   title Clone using SSH alias language text
   $ git clone ssh://asterisk/{repo}

   You can also clone and check out a branch in one step

   Code Block
   title Clone asterisk and check out branch 13 language text
   $ git clone -b 13 ssh://asterisk/asterisk asterisk-13

   If you're only retrieving patches and don't need to submit, you can clone from https:

   Code Block
   title Clone using Anonymouns HTTPS language text
   $ git clone https://gerrit.asterisk.org/asterisk

1. To push reviews to Gerrit, you'll need the commit hook that generates the Gerrit Change-Id and appends it to every commit message.  You can install the hook easily with git review.

   Code Block
   title Install the Gerrit commit hook language text
   $ git review -s

   It's imperative that once a Change-Id is added to a review it's not changed.  Gerrit uses it to associate multiple commits with a single review and associate cherry-picks among branches.

Gerrit Review Submit Workflow

Now that the repository is set up, it's time to do some real work!  Let's say you have a change you wish to make against the Asterisk 13 branch.

1. Get an Asterisk Issue ID
   There should be an Asterisk issue open for every change you submit.  If you don't have one already, create a new issue at https://issues.asterisk.org.  Let's say you're using ASTERISK-12345.

   
   

2. Create a working branch in your repository
   You'll want to keep the local branches that track remote branches, like 13, 14 , and master, in a pristine condition so create a new working branch that's based on the remote branch you're making the change against.  Using the Asterisk issue id as the branch name will make things easier later on.  You should always start your change in the oldest branch to which the change will apply which is 13 in this example.
   

   Code Block
   $ git checkout 13 $ git checkout -b ASTERISK-12345

    

3. Do Some Work!
   

   
   

4. Test Your Work!
   When you submit your review, it will automatically be built and the Asterisk unit tests run so to save re-work time, you should run the Asterisk unit tests against your changes before you submit.  To do so, configure asterisk with the --enable-dev-mode flag and enable TEST_FRAMEWORK in menuselect.  After installing Asterisk in your test environment (and you should have a test environment), you can run the tests from the Asterisk CLI with the test execute all command.  

   If you have the Asterisk Testsuite installed, running the test suite is also recommended since it will be run against your change before the change is merged.  See Installing the Asterisk Test Suite for more information.
   
   

5. Commit
   You have to commit before you submit and the commit message is crucial.  For more information about commit messages, see Commit Messages.  You'll notice that when you edit the commit message, you'll see that the Gerrit Change-Id was automatically added to the end.  DON'T ALTER OR REMOVE IT!!  You'll see why this is important later.

   Here's a quick sample commit message:
   

   Code Block
   res_pjsip: Change something in res_pjsip   This is where you should describe the change and any background information that will help a reviewer or future developer understand the purpose of the change.   ASTERISK-12345 #close Reported-by: Someone other than you   Change-Id: I6dca12979f482ffb0450aaf58db0fe0f6d2e389

6. Submit
   Submitting is easy:
   

   Code Block
   title Submit a patch for review language text
   $ git review 13

    13 represents the branch you're submitting this patch against.  The default is master so don't forget to specify it.  

   If the submit is successful, you'll see a confirmation that looks like so:

   Code Block
   remote: Processing changes: new: 1, refs: 1, done remote: remote: New Changes: remote: http://gerrit.asterisk.org/r/9999 new review remote: To ssh://gerrit.asterisk.org:29418/asterisk * [new branch] HEAD -> refs/publish/13/9999

   9999 is the review number.
   
   

7. Cherry Pick
   If you're making your change to the Asterisk 13 or 14 branches, you'll probably need to cherry-pick your change to other branches.  For changes to 13, cherry-pick to 14 and master.  For changes to 14, cherry-pick to master.  The easiest way to do this is via the Gerrit web user interface.

   1. Log into Gerrit at http://https://gerrit.asterisk.org and open your change.  Notice that the change topic is set to ASTERISK-12345.  This was automatically set because the name of the working branch you submitted from was ASTERISK-12345.   If it's not set correctly to the Asterisk issue id, set it now.   If you don't use the Asterisk issue id as the working branch name, you can set the topic when you submit using the -t option to git review as follows: git review -t ASTERISK-12345 13

   2. Whenever possible, you should cherry pick from the oldest branch to the newest in order.  Click the Cherry Pick button and choose the destination branch.  Assuming the change was originally submitted against 13, choose 14 and click the Cherry Pick Change button.  Gerrit will create a new review for you against the destination branch.  Notice though that Gerrit altered the Topic by appending the destination branch.  You'll need to reset it to just the Asterisk issue id.  Once that's done, click Cherry Pick again and repeat the process for the master branch.
        You'll get new review numbers for each cherry-pick of course.

   You can cherry-pick a review from the command line if you so wish:

   Code Block
   title Cherry pick a review from the command line
   $ git review --cherrypick 9999 14

   This will cherry pick review 9999 to the 14 branch.

1. Watch for verification
   As each review is created, Gerrit will automatically schedule a verification step with Jenkins (our continuous integration platform).  To pass the verification, Asterisk has to build successfully with your change and all unit tests must pass.  Passing is usually the signal to reviewers that it's a valid patch and they can spend time reviewing it.  If it fails, it's up to you to examine the results by following the links that Jenkins added to the comments and taking appropriate action.
   
   
2. Respond to comments
   The worst thing you can do is push a review then not respond to comments!.  This tells reviewers that the review isn't important to you and the review will probably keep falling further back in the queue. 
3. Next Steps
   If your review is accepted without the need for re-work, you need to nothing further.  Otherwise, read on.
   
   
   

Updating a Review

$ git rebase -i

Making updates to a review is a bit tricky because you don't want to create new commits or new reviews with each update.  Here are the steps:

As an example, if we previously posted for review a code change for Asterisk 11, and the Gerrit Review ID is 30, we might use the following for Asterisk 13

1. Pull down the current review: 

   Code Block
   $ git review {branchname}

   or:

   Code Block
   $ git push asterisk:{repo} HEAD:refs/for/master

Branch Cherry-Picking

Patches being submitted to the project must be cherry-picked to other branches when either:

• The patch is a bug fix. In this case, the patch should be cherry-picked to all supported branches that have the bug.

• The patch is a new feature or improvement, and tests have been written to cover the new feature or improvement. In that case, the patch may be submitted to other supported branches.

  Note
  Not all changes are appropriate for all branches. See Software Configuration Management Policies for more information. If you have questions about whether or not a change is appropriate for a particular branch, feel free to ask on the asterisk-dev mailing list or in #asterisk-dev.

Cherry-picking can be done either when a patch is first proposed, or it may be done when the patch has been reviewed but prior to it being submitted. If you plan on cherry-picking after an initial review, please indicate so in a comment on the review.

Cherry-Picking in Gerrit

If your patch applies cleanly to a branch, you can cherry-pick directly in Gerrit. On your review, select the Cherry-Pick button:

Image Removed

In the resulting dialog, enter the branch you want to cherry-pick to, then select Cherry Pick Change.

Image Removed

If the change merges cleanly, a new review will be opened with your cherry-picked change. If the change could not be merged, and error will appear and you will need to use one of the manual methods listed below.

Cherry-Picking using git review

If you have already submitted a patch for review, you may cherry pick to a new branch using git review:

$ git review --cherrypick {review id} {origin branch}

1. -d 9999

   This will create (or reuse) a branch named "review/<your_name>/<topic>" and switch you to it.  In this example and assuming your name is "Joe Developer", the branch would be "review/joe_developer/ASTERISK-12345".

2. Make and test your changes
   
   

3. Amend the original commit:
   

   Code Block
   title Amend a commit
   $ git commit -a --amend

   It is CRITICAL that you amend your original commit and not create a new commit.  Failing to amend will generate a new Change-Id and will cause Gerrit to create a NEW review instead of creating a new patchset on the existing review.
   
   

4. Re-submit:

   Code Block
   $ git review

1. 13

Cherry-Picking using git cherry-pick

You may cherry pick using git cherry-pick as well. When performing the cherry-pick using git, make sure that the Change-Id header is the same between all branches.

As an example, if we committed the following to Asterisk 13:

commit dc8f87145c352c1bcf1a3361802aac26da5f50e2
Refs: review/asteriskteam/file-version-13, file-version-13
Author:     Asterisk Development Team <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun Apr 12 12:59:22 2015 -0500
Commit:     Asterisk Development Team <[email protected]>
CommitDate: Sun Apr 12 20:20:19 2015 -0500

    git migration: Remove support for file versions

    Git does not support the ability to replace a token with a version
    string during check-in. While it does have support for replacing a
    token on clone, this is somewhat sub-optimal: the token is replaced
    with the object hash, which is not particularly easy for human
    consumption. What's more, in practice, the source file version was often
    not terribly useful. Generally, when triaging bugs, the overall version
    of Asterisk is far more useful than an individual SVN version of a file.
    As a result, this patch removes Asterisk's support for showing source file
    versions.

	ASTERISK-12345

    Change-Id: Ia932d3c64cd18a14a3c894109baa657ec0a85d28

We could then cherry pick this back to Asterisk 11 using the following:

$ git cherry-pick dc8f87145c352c1bcf1a3361802aac26da5f50e2

The resulting commit must have the same Change-Id as the Asterisk 13 commit for Gerrit to recognize that this is a cherry-picked commit:

    Change-Id: Ia932d3c64cd18a14a3c894109baa657ec0a85d28

When posting it for review to Gerrit, you should also use the same topic as the original patch. Generally, this is the ASTERISK issue.

1. Don't forget the base branch.
   
   

2. Cherry Pick:
   As with the initial submit, cherry-pick to the other applicable branches. 

If you have to make multiple changes over the lifetime of the review, you should always download the same review, 9999 in this case.  This is because the branch name that gets generated for the review doesn't include the base branch.  In our example, let's say you got review 10000 when you cherry-picked 9999 to the 14 branch.  If you do git review -d 9999 then later do git review -d 10000, you'll get a warning from git that the base branches aren't the same.  If this happens, check out another branch temporarily, delete the review branch, then download the review again.

$ git checkout 13
$ git branch -D reviews/joe_developer/ASTERISK-12345
$ git review -d 10000

Advanced Topics

What do do when a cherry-pick fails, etc.  Coming Soon!

Team Branches

The repositories on Gerrit typically require all changes in all of the mainline branches to be reviewed prior to merging. While this is appropriate for the mainline branches, sometimes, it is useful to have a branch on the central server that multiple developers can use for collaboration. These branches exist within a special branch namespace, team. Registered Gerrit users have the ability to manipulate branches within that namespace directly, bypassing the usual Gerrit code review process.

Team Branch Manipulation in Gerrit

Creating a new Team Branch

Creating a new team branch can be done at any time from a local branch. For example, to create a new team branch from local master:

$ git push origin master:refs/heads/team/mjordan/awesome-feature

 Check out a Team Branch

Checking out a team branch is done in the same way as a mainline branch:

$ git checkout -b awesome-feature -t origin/team/mjordan/awesome-feature

Pushing to a Team Branch

Pushing to a team branch can be done directly. This bypasses Gerrit's peer review. Note that team branches can be peer reviewed if desired, using the same mechanism as a 'normal' Gerrit peer review.

$ git push origin HEAD:refs/heads/team/mjordan/awesome-feature

Delete a Team Branch

Deleting a team branch is done by pushing an empty local branch (nothing) to the team branch. Note that you have to use git push --force.

$ git push --force origin :refs/heads/team/mjordan/awesome-feature

Recovering a Subversion Team Branch

While the Subversion Team branches were moved over to Git with their entire history, much of that history typically consists of Automerge commits. These commits are not well understood by Git; from Git's perspective, they are completely independent from the mainline commits they merged over. This can cause a "standard" rebase to fail miserably: the rebase will not realize that the Automerge commits are identical to those on the branch being rebased to. As a result, you'll often have a lot of merge conflicts if you attempt to rebase directly.

While working through the merge conflicts in a rebase is an option, an easier approach may be to simply re-build the branch on the current state of the mainline branch it wants to track. This example walks through that process, performing a rebase of branch team/mjordan/trunk-http-stuff-and-things on top of master.

1. Checkout the subversion team history branch into a temporary local branch:

   Code Block
   $ git checkout -b http-caching-temp -t origin/team/mjordan/trunk-http-stuff-and-things

2. Determine the useful commits to pull over. In this case, we're going to skip:
   1. All commits from Automerge script.
   2. All commits that modify Subversion properties or create Subversion branches.
      
      In the above screenshot, we want the three commits from Matthew Jordan between the Automerge: script automerge cancel and the Matthew Jordan: Re-enable automerge.
   3. Record the hashes of the commits you want to carry-over.

3. Checkout a new branch for your work, tracking whatever canonical mainstream branch is appropriate:

   Code Block
   $ git checkout -b http-caching -t origin/master

4. Cherry-pick each commit over, solving merge conflicts as necessary:

   Code Block
   $ git cherry-pick 5037821233a366f4afae83c732eb318e64bdb6f5 $ git cherry-pick 9905eaad7a8c8a13363ae4129d7d483c8559cb7a $ git cherry-pick 32fe36b0e14f8c072c2bfea9443a946cfe3628d6 $ git cherry-pick a5eb0d4b178eee070047549d635ada8d562c3d73

5. If desired, fix up any history:

   Code Block
   $ git rebase -i

6. Remove the temporary branch:

   Code Block
   $ git branch -d

   Tip
   You may get the following warning: Code Block warning: deleting branch 'http-caching-temp' that has been merged to 'refs/remotes/origin/team/mjordan/trunk-http-stuff-and-things', but not yet merged to HEAD. Deleted branch http-caching-temp (was 9c6910d). That's okay. You don't want to merge the whole thing to HEAD, as the Automerge script commits are duplicates of commits already in HEAD.

7. Push the branch up to your team branch location:

   Code Block
   $ git push origin HEAD:refs/heads/team/mjordan/http-caching

   Tip
   In this example, a new team branch is being made - team/mjordan/http-caching. This way, if something is missed in the cherry-picks, I haven't blown away my Subversion branch.

Troubleshooting

git-review

Problem: attempting to run git review results in something like the following:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/git-review", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/git_review/cmd.py", line 1132, in main
    (os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[-1], get_version()))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/git_review/cmd.py", line 180, in get_version
    provider = pkg_resources.get_provider(requirement)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 176, in get_provider
    return working_set.find(moduleOrReq) or require(str(moduleOrReq))[0]
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 648, in require
    needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 546, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: git-review

Solution: Run

$ sudo pip install --upgrade setuptools

on your command line

Problem: attempting to run git review results in "unpack failed: error Missing tree":

Description:  There is an incompatibility between certain version of git and gerrit that causes this error when the commit to be pushed was amended and only the commit message changed.
Solution:  Run git push manually with the --no-thin option:

$ git push --no-thin asterisk:{repo} HEAD:refs/for/master

Problem:  Unable to login to gerrit.asterisk.org

Solution: Until your Contributor License Agreement is approved, you will not be able to sign into the project OpenID provider or Gerrit. See the "Creating an Account" section for instructions on how to resolve this.

Problem:  Unable to unsubscribe from Gerrit notifications

Solution: You may have mistaken the Gerrit notifications on a mailing list for notifications associated with your account. Of course if the notifications are being received via a mailing list then you would need to unsubscribe from the entire mailing list to stop receiving related mailings.

Other possibilities are that you have multiple accounts or are receiving notifications via forwarding from another E-mail address.